The following is a press release issued by the (U.S.) National Archives and Records Administration:

Opening the Vault gets visitors close to historic treasures; exhibition will begin with Washington and Franklin artifacts from America’s founding period   Washington, DC, May 7, 2025 – As America approaches the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence, the National Archives is launching Opening the Vault, a new exhibition series to put on display some of the most historically valuable and iconic artifacts in American history for the first time in many years.   The historical treasures now on view include:  General George Washington’s signed Oath of Allegiance to the United States, repudiating any allegiance to King George III and sworn while he and his troops were encamped at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, in 1778 General George Washington’s Revolutionary War account book, which served as an expense report of the Continental Army throughout the war Benjamin Franklin’s handwritten postal ledger, created in his capacity as the first Postmaster General in 1775 Benjamin Franklin’s table of postal rates identifying what, and how much, was required to send a letter in 1775 The artifacts are the first installment of the new Opening the Vault rotating exhibition series that will highlight landmark moments in American history. The first rotation will be on display from May 7, 2025, through August 6, 2025.  “The National Archives has so many incredible objects that document the American Story, so rather than let them sit in a vault—where nobody gets to see them—we decided to ‘open the vault’ to show the American people some of the most significant records and artifacts in their history,” said Jim Byron, Senior Advisor to the Acting Archivist. “These remarkable items are tangible bridges to the past, connecting the American story from 1776 right up to today.” These historic treasures also commemorate the 250th anniversaries of the U.S. Army and the U.S. Postal Service, both to be celebrated in 2025.  The next Opening the Vault rotation will be announced over the summer.   Opening the Vault is on display at the National Archives Museum in Washington, DC. The museum is open daily from 10 a.m. to 5:30 p.m., except Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. Admission to the Museum is free. Visitors are encouraged to go to https://visit.archives.gov/ to learn more about the museum experience.  View the virtual exhibit. ###

FREE BCG-SPONSORED WEBINAR

“From Despair to Cargoes of Hope: WWII’s Displaced Persons”

by C. Ann Staley, CG^®, CGL^®

Tuesday, May 20, 2025, 8:00 p.m. (EDT)

Many immigrants entered the U.S. under the Displaced Persons Act. Based on specific criteria, eligible displaced persons (DPs) could be admitted to the U.S. if they would not become a public charge and have safe and sanitary housing and employment without displacing some other person. The displaced person or refugee was the concern of the International Refugee Organization. The U.S. created the Displaced Persons Commission to oversee the act’s enactment. Is your ancestor named in the record sets created? The presentation will discuss the history of the act and the records created as a result of the act. 

C. Ann Staley, CG^®, CGL^®, has spoken regionally, nationally, and at sea. She serves as the Membership Chair for the Genealogical Speakers Guild; on the faculty of The International Institute for Genealogical Studies; a volunteer on a number of the National Genealogical Society committees; and as a volunteer of the Florida State Genealogical Society. She served previously on the board of the Association of Professional Genealogists and has taught at the Institute of Genealogy and Historical Research (IGHR). Ann is the author of articles for the NGS Magazine and is the co-author of the NGS Research in the States Series: Florida. Ann has been researching her family from Alabama, Mississippi, Indiana, and Virginia to France, England, Ireland, and Germany.

BCG’s next free monthly webinar in conjunction with Legacy Family Tree Webinars is “From Despair to Cargoes of Hope: WWII's Displaced Persons” by C. Ann Staley, CG, CGL. This webinar airs Tuesday, May 20, 2025, at 8:00 p.m. EDT.  

When you register before May 20 with our partner Legacy Family Tree Webinars (http://legacy.familytreewebinars.com/?aid=9367), you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar. Anyone with schedule conflicts may access the webinar at no charge for one week after the broadcast on the Legacy Family Tree Webinarswebsite.

“BCG promotes continuing education as essential for competent family history research,” said President David Ouimette, CG, CGL. “We appreciate this opportunity to provide webinars focused on standards that help genealogists and family historians build their knowledge and skills and hone their craft.”

Following the free period for this webinar, BCG receives a small commission if you view this or any BCG webinar by clicking our affiliate link (http://legacy.familytreewebinars.com/?aid=6803).

To see the full list of BCG-sponsored webinars for 2025, visit the BCG blog SpringBoard(https://bcgcertification.org/free-bcg-sponsored-2025-webinars). For additional resources for genealogical education, please visit the BCG Learning Center (https://bcgcertification.org/learning) 

Lisa S. Gorrell, CG

BCG News Release Coordinator

The words Certified Genealogist, Certified Genealogical Lecturer, and Certified Genetic Genealogist, and their acronyms CG, CGL, and CCG are registered trademarks of the Board for Certification of Genealogists®. These marks are used under license by board certificants after periodic evaluation.

 A forensic genetic genealogy team recently uncovered a mystery behind a partial human skull found on a beach in Northern California 32 years ago. 

The woman’s skull was spotted near Trinidad Head, a rocky structure in Trinidad Harbor, in 1993. At the time, a traditional DNA profile was developed and entered into the National Unidentified Person DNA Index. No match was made.

In 2024, the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office submitted evidence to Othram’s laboratory in Texas hoping that advanced DNA testing could identify the woman. Othram scientists developed a DNA extract from the skeletal evidence and used Forensic-Grade Genome Sequencing to build a new DNA profile for the unknown woman.

Several months later, Othram provided HCSO with new leads. “Investigators used this report to launch a follow-up investigation and locate a potential relative. The California Department of Justice compared the relative’s DNA profile to the DNA profile developed from the skull, which confirmed that the skull belonged to Kay Josephine Medin,” DNASolves.com wrote. 

Kay Medin also went by the name Kay Adams. She was reported missing in August of 1987 after she vanished from her home in Trinity County. 

Medin worked as a school teacher in Hyampom, and her boss said she was in good spirits the last time he saw her.

The Trinity County Sheriff’s Office listed Kay’s disappearance as suspicious.

“In November of 1987, the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office received a package in the US mail. The package contained skeletal remains and an anonymous letter. The letter gave directions leading to more human remains. The directions lead to a location near Ammon Ridge Road in Humboldt County. Detectives responded to the location given in the letter and discovered additional human remains, about 45 miles west of her home. These remains were later identified as belonging to Kay Medin through a comparison of dental records,” DNASolves.com wrote. 

A death certificate was issued for Kay Medin in 1988 while her skull was still missing. “It is unclear how the majority of her remains were found 45 miles from her home or how her skull was found almost 100 miles away,” DNASolves.com wrote. 

Today, her death remains as an unsolved homicide cold case. 

Kristen Mittelman, chief development officer for Othram labs, said, “We’re proud to be able to help investigators give these victims their names back, and hopefully move the investigation forward toward resolution. That’s the most important thing.”

Anyone with information that could help solve this cold case is encouraged to call the Humboldt Sheriff’s Office.

With Mother’s Day approaching, MyHeritage is now offering MyStories memberships at a super attractive discount: 25% off. MyStories is the perfect Mother’s Day gift for any mother you know, or any loved one. Capturing her memories in a beautiful keepsake book shows her how much her story matters, gives her a chance to reminisce about the best moments of her life, and preserves her life stories — not only for her, but also for you, your family, and future generations. Especially if your loved one is in her golden years, now is the time to get those stories in print. MyStories makes it so easy. All she needs to do is respond to one email per week with her answer to a thoughtful prompt question. Her answers will be compiled into a high-quality hardcover book that the whole family will treasure for years to come. There’s no shipping or waiting necessary, either: the gift will be in her inbox exactly on time for Mother’s Day. You can learn more at https://www.mystories.com/mothers-day-gift?utm_campaign=organic&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--maJXUDZi-xviqXGriY6ELqRwDtNEA-ZnUbePgg7VzoJ_TTgr2dLukfrCKnJ9WnJKTdkR-14rV0uCSXFPhADL8uOrQGg&_hsmi=360159666

Erin International is Ireland's leading expert in forensic genealogy services, reconnecting people with their past and their rightful legacies. 

Erin International, Ireland’s leading probate research firm and a global authority in forensic genealogy, recently launched its U.S operations out of New York.

With a reputation for excellence as an heir locator firm, Erin’s U.S. expansion provides specialized heir search services to trust and estate attorneys, trust officers, executors, and fiduciaries alike.

Under the leadership of CEO and founder Padraic Grennan, Erin International is adept at identifying unknown heirs and resolving cases with no known next of kin, something which is often a challenge in estates with complex family histories.

In Ireland, the firm works closely with Irish solicitors, offering meticulous heir search solutions for estates involving missing beneficiaries. By leveraging advanced genealogical research, global networks, and proprietary technology, its heir finders ensure accurate and lawful estate distribution. 

To learn more about Erin International, click here

The firm’s expansion to the U.S. seems an obvious move, given the strong ties between the nations and the depth of the diaspora across America. “Erin International is dedicated to supporting U.S. trust and estate professionals by delivering precise, court-ready solutions for locating missing beneficiaries,” said CEO Padraic Grennan.

“Our rigorous heir search process alleviates the burden on legal professionals, ensuring every possible effort is made in reuniting unknown heirs with their inheritances.” This commitment underscores the firm’s role as a trusted partner in probate administration.

Operating from New York, Erin International tackles the complexities of estates involving distant relatives or diaspora communities. Its detailed reports, featuring family trees and vouching vital documents, comply with the rigorous standards of New York’s Surrogate’s Courts. For fiduciaries managing cases with no known next of kin, the firm’s due diligence prevents assets from reverting to the state, thereby safeguarding legacies for rightful heirs.

One very useful and practical service is Erin International’s Administrator Search Service. When a person dies with unknown next of kin, this offering helps identify suitable administrators for intestate estates. By locating and verifying potential administrators, the firm supports members of the public and fiduciaries in ensuring that lawful heirs are located and estates administered in a timely fashion. “If an attorney or member of the public becomes aware of such a case, we would urge them to get in touch with us, as we can very often find next of kin within a short period of time”, stated Grennan.

Erin International’s heir search services are also not restricted to members of the Irish diaspora. “Given our global network of trusted partners, we have the ability to trace missing or unknown heirs worldwide. I feel this skillset will be especially beneficial to US attorneys who are dealing with a very diverse population."

Given the number of cases that arise in New York’s Surrogate Courts involving missing beneficiaries, Erin International’s launch makes it a vital asset for attorneys managing complex estates. The firm’s expertise in tracing unknown heirs and managing complex cases positions it as an invaluable resource for fiduciaries, leaving no stone unturned when tasked to find missing heirs.

Outside of serving legal professionals, Erin International has a strong track record of working with financial institutions, healthcare providers, housing bodies, and unclaimed property professionals, all of which sometimes have the need to trace clients of next of kin.

They also operate a website called emptyhomes.ie, the aim of which is to repurpose long-term vacant properties, and offers a pro bono service called Erin’s Call, which assists members of the Irish diaspora to reconnect with long-lost family members.

For further information, visit Erin International's website. You can also keep up to date with them on LinkedIn.

This week, the end of World War II in Europe in 1945 is being commemorated with parades and celebrations and, thanks to the diligence of a couple of Loganville women, a local United States Navy veteran who served in the conflict finally has his service honored on a headstone in Porterdale, Ga.

Benjamin Franklin Harrison, born June 8, 1925, joined the U.S. Navy on July 28, 1942 at the age of 17 and served four years, much of it during WW II. He was officially discharged from the Navy on July 10, 1946 at the age of 21 and subsequently registered for the draft.

Although he reportedly went on to marry and have six children, Harrison passed away on Dec. 20, 1963 at the young age of 39 and was buried in Porterdale, Ga. At that time, his family applied for an official military headstone noting his military service. But, although nobody knows the reason why, the headstone never arrived to be placed on his grave in Porterdale.

That is until now. 

Thanks to the persistence of the two Loganville women, along with some family members of the young WW II veteran, when the country honors veterans who are no longer with us on Memorial Day 2025, 1C Seaman Benjamin F Harrison finally also will have his service recognized with an official military marker on his grave.

“I have been doing genealogy research for over 13 years on my own family. I occasionally can be seen walking through cemeteries taking photos and getting information from the grave markers. A few months ago, my friend Marcia Mashburn, a resident of Loganville, told me that there was a grave marker in the field in front of her house and encouraged me to come look at it,” said Tamara Norman, also of Loganville. “I took a picture of it a few months ago and began to use Ancestry.com to attempt to find the family of the veteran who’s name appeared on the grave marker.”

Norman said within just a few hours she was able to find a possible relative and sent her a message via Ancestry.  

“A few weeks later Vicky Canter, who resides near Atlanta, responded to my message and was so excited to learn of the grave marker for her uncle that her family never knew existed,” Norman said. “(On May 2,) Marcia Mashburn, Vicky Canter and myself met at Marcia’s home on Virgil Moon Road, Loganville, and the marker was removed from where it has laid for the last 61 years. Vicky, her husband, and cousin were reunited with a grave marker belonging to her uncle who passed away in December 1963. He was buried in Porterdale, GA in 1963, but his grave never had his official military marker until today. Vicky, her husband and cousin took the marker from Loganville and placed it on Mr. Harrison’s grave.”

Contributed photos of the moving of the headstone to be transported to its final resting place.

Norman said it remains a mystery as to how and why it ended up in that field in Loganville instead of on his grave in Porterdale.

“However, a picture, a little time researching and reaching out to a descendant proved to be a happy ending to this story,” she said.

1C Seaman Benjamin Franklin Harrison now has his well-deserved Military grave marker on his grave in Porterdale.

Norman’s genealogy research uncovered the the following information about the young seaman.

Benjamin Franklin Harrison was born June 8, 1925 in Atlanta, GA to James Anderson Harrison and Leslie Eaton.  He was one of six children.  He had 3 brothers and 2 sisters.    Ironically, he had to complete a draft card on July 18, 1946, after serving in the Navy and while he was living in Laurens, SC.   On September 3, 1946 he married Clara Bow Smith in Laurens SC.  They had 6 children together- 3 boys and 3 girls.  At some time between 1954 and 1957 Benjamin and Clara moved back to Georgia. Their youngest daughter Audrey Diane died at 18 months old in 1961. After Mr. Harrison’s death, his wife Clara moved back to South Carolina and she remarried.  Mr. Harrison died of natural causes that were not military related.

Over 21,000 pages of the Gadsden County Times from 1928-1963 have been digitized! This is one of the longest runs of newspaper in Chronicling America and documents 35 years of life in Gadsden County.

Years 1928-1960 are live in Chronicling America as of May 1, 2025. Years 1961-1963 will be added soon.

About the Gadsden County Times

The Gadsden County Times began publishing in Quincy, Florida in 1901 and is still in publication today. By 1909 it had consolidated with the Quincy Moon. In 1942, it changed to the Gadsden County Times and Chattahoochee Tribune after LaMar Watts, editor of the Chattahoochee Tribune and Chattahoochee correspondent for the Gadsden County Times was drafted in WWII. At the time, both papers were published by the Quincy Publishing Company. Watts never returned to either paper, and in 1951 or 1952 the masthead of Gadsden County Timeschanged to “The Gadsden County Times and Continuing the Chattahoochee Tribune”.  

Article announcing LaMar Watt’s departure to fight in WWII. Gadsden County Times, February 12, 1942

Nameplate change with addition of “and continuing the Chattahoochee Tribune”. January 1, 1953

The early years of the Gadsden County Times saw many dual publishers and editors. R. E. L. McFarlin published and edited the newspaper form from inception until sometime between 1913 and 1918 when R. L. Sweger joined the newspaper as editor. Sweger took over both editing and publishing in 1918 which continued until 1939, when the Quincy Publishing Company took over publication and C.C. Nicolet became editor.  

R.L. Sweger as pictured in a political ad for his Florida State Senate campaign. Gadsden County Times, April 28, 1938.Notice of the Quincy Publishing Company’s purchase of the River Junction Tribune. Gadsden County Times, September 12, 1940.

In the 1940s, the newspaper moved towards having separate publishers and editors. In 1942 the Quincy Publishing Company produced the paper with Stanley Parkman as editor. In 1944 K. A. MacGowan was named as publisher and Parkman continued as editor. In 1945 Cranston Thomas became editor. In 1946 H. C. McFarlin was listed as associate editor. MacGowan stopped publishing the newspaper in 1947 and it became “A John H. Perry Newspaper” until 1957 when J. L. Hutchinson became publisher. McFarlin continued as editor from 1947 until 1955 when he transferred to Marianna, Florida, to work for the Jackson County Floridian. C. Emery Edwards took over as editor of the Gadsden County Times from McFarlin’s departure until his own move to Jacksonville in February 1957. McFarlin briefly returned to the Gadsden County Times for several months before departing for the final time in May 1957. From that time until at least 1963, J.L. Hutchinson is listed as publisher and no main editor’s name is given. As of 2025, the newspaper is published by the Gadsden County News Corp and Erin Hill is managing editor. 

Publisher’s block listing MacGowan, Parkman, and Payne. Gadsden County Times, September 7, 1944.

The weekly newspaper ranges in size from four to over twenty pages. Regular issues from 1928 to 1963 were usually eight to sixteen pages while special issues, including that for the annual tobacco festival, and recurring “In Gadsden County” editions were often over twenty pages. From 1947 to 1948 the paper also included “Florida Feature”, a section containing news from around the state with an emphasis on tourism and promoting Florida history, food, and culture, as well as nationally syndicated celebrity news and household advice columns. 

Page One of the Florida Feature Section, a recurring section containing news from around the state with an emphasis on tourism. October 9, 1947.

The weekly newspaper covers news from the county seat, Quincy, and the rest of Gadsden County including (in order of first appearance chronologically) Wetumpka, Midway, Mt. Pleasant, River Junction, Chattahoochee, Bristol, McRae, Greensboro, Gretna, Sycamore,  Providence, Hardaway, Havana, Concord, Little Sycamore, Flat Creek, Hinson, Old Mt. Pleasant, Edwards and Glen Julia. On and off from the 1930s to the 1950s, the Gadsden County Times also published high school newspapers from Havana High School and Gadsden County High School.  

Havana section of the Gadsden County Times, December 5, 1929.

The Gadsden County Times covered local and county personal and civic news as well as state legislative news, especially concerning agriculture. The newspaper provided consistent and significant coverage of shade tobacco farming, one of the most lucrative industries in Gadsden County and a critical piece of the state and national tobacco industry. The paper also regularly covered the development of Chattahoochee’s largest employer, the State Mental Hospital, the first and, until 1947, only state mental institution in Florida. The management of the Apalachicola River including New Deal Projects such as the Apalachicola River Bridge and various initiatives to dam the river are also heavily covered by the paper.   

From 1953 to at least 1963 the newspaper contained a “News and Views of Gadsden’s Colored People” (later renamed “News-Views of Gadsden’s Colored People”) section to share news from and for Gadsden county’s African American population. Usually one to two pages, this section published personal news, including births, deaths, marriages, illness, travel, military training, and educational milestones, and meetings and events including church news, PTA meetings, sorority and fraternity information, as well as sports from Florida’s Historically Black Colleges and Universities, including Bethune-Cookman and Florida A&M. The section does not include the names of any editors or correspondents.  

News and Views of Gadsden’s People shared news about, by, and for Gadsden County’s African American Population. Gadsden County Times, July 12, 1956.

About Gadsden County

Gadsden County, located in the Florida Panhandle along the Florida/Georgia border northwest of Tallahassee is notable for its historical importance in the shade tobacco industry, African American majority population, and economic impact of Coca-Cola. Gadsden County has historically been and, as of 2022, remains the only county in Florida with a majority African American population. The county seat, Quincy, was once the wealthiest small town in the United States per capita thanks to the so-called “Coca-Cola Millionaires”. At least sixty-seven townspeople, mostly, if not exclusively, white, invested in Coca-Cola during the Great Depression at the urging of Quincy State Bank President Pat Munroe. 

Wisconsin woman who disappeared more than 60 years ago has been found alive by authorities.

Audrey Backeberg left her Reedsburg home in July 1962 when she was 20 years old, a press release from the Sauk County Sheriff's Office said.

During a review of cold cases earlier this year, a detective reassessed the initial evidence and re-interviewed several witnesses, Sheriff Chip Meister said in the release.

Why It Matters

Law enforcement departments across the country have been reviewing cold cases with the aid of new DNA technology, including the self-submit websites such as Ancestry.com.

As such sites have expanded, so have the number of solved cold cases, although not many cases result in a positive ending, especially over half a century later.

What To Know

A babysitter for the Backeberg family originally told investigators that she and Audrey had hitchhiked to Madison, Wisconsin, where they caught a bus to Indianapolis, according to a missing poster that was on the Wisconsin Department of Justice's (DOJ) website.

The babysitter said she last saw Backeberg walking away from the bus stop around a corner on July 7, 1962.

Detectives were able to determine Backeberg left her home of her own accord, the Sauk County Sheriff's release said.

Backeberg, now 82 years old, was found living out of state and confirmed to law enforcement she decided to leave and had not been a victim of criminal or foul play.

Detective Isaac Hanson spoke with local news station WISN about the process he went through that lead him to finding Backeberg.

Hanson told WISN that Backeberg's sister had an Ancestry.com account that linked to an address connected to her.

"So, I called the local sheriff's department, said 'Hey, there's this lady living at this address. Do you guys have somebody, you can just go pop in?' ... Ten minutes later, she called me, and we talked for 45 minutes," he said.

Backeberg may have originally left home due to an abusive husband but it's unclear why she stayed away and out of touch for all these years, Hanson explained.

He would not reveal what exactly they discussed during that 45-minute call, saying, "I told Audrey I'd keep it private. She had her reasons for leaving."

Inset: Missing woman Audrey Backeberg seen in her missing poster from 1962. A Sauk County Sheriff police car is seen.WISCONSIN DOJ/SAUK CO SHERIFF

What People Are Saying

Sauk County Sheriff Chip Meister said in the press release: "The Sheriff's Office would like to acknowledge the work of Investigators, both past and present. Despite the significant challenges that many cold cases present, this resolution underscores both the importance of continued work and the dedication of the Sheriff's Office to providing answers to families and the community."

Detective Isaac Hanson told local news station WISN: "I think she just was removed and, you know, moved on from things and kind of did her own thing and lead her life. She sounded happy. Confident in her decision. No regrets."

What Happens Next?

Hanson said Backeberg lives outside the state of Wisconsin.

It is unclear if she plans to reconnect with family.

This article, originally posted in Japanese on 20:00 May 03, 2025, may contain some machine-translated parts.

David Rosenthal, a digital archivist who has been working on the long-term preservation project at Stanford University Libraries since 1998, has summarized the contents of his lecture ' 

Archival Storage ' that he gave at the University of Berkeley in March 2025 on his blog. In this lecture, Rosenthal argues that 'it is a misconception that archive data must be stored on semi-permanent media.'

DSHR's Blog: Archival Storage
https://blog.dshr.org/2025/03/archival-storage.html 

Typically, Rosenthal backs up his email and web servers once a week to a Raspberry Pi on the same network, then does incremental backups every day, and writes these backups to two DVD-Rs each week. He rotates between three external hard drives to create a full backup of his desktop PC every night, and backs up his iPhone every day to a MacBook Air. He also rotates between three external SSDs to perform a Time Machine backup of the MacBook Air every day, and moves the DVD-Rs and used SSDs and HDDs to a different location every week.

The purpose of these backups is to ensure that in the event of a disaster, such as a fire or ransomware, you can recover as close as possible to the state you were in before the disaster, and in the worst case scenario, you won't go back more than a week.

The important point here is that 'the useful life of backup data is only the time between the last backup before the disaster and recovery.' Rosenthal says he keeps hundreds of DVD-Rs, but the only time the DVD-Rs are accessed a few weeks after writing is during an annual ' optical media durability check .' Rosenthal reports that this check confirms that data can be read normally from CD-Rs that are more than 20 years old and DVD-Rs that are nearly 18 years old without any special storage measures.

However, Rosenthal's reason for backing up with DVD-R is not because he found that DVD-R media can last for more than 15 years, but because he values the write-only nature of DVD-R. The advantage of being write-only is that the backup data can be destroyed but not changed.

Rosenthal argues that backups and archives are fundamentally different. Backups are merely insurance for short-term storage, and the longevity of the media is essentially irrelevant, but the fundamental design goal of archive storage systems is to 'reduce the cost of long-term storage by tolerating increased access latency,' he emphasized.

For example, the private organization Long Now Foundation is building a clock called the 'Clock of the Long Now' that will keep time for more than 10,000 years, and is also considering creating an archive that will be preserved for 10,000 years.

However, while Rosenthal acknowledges that he is looking at a very long-term preservation of 10,000 years, he points out that 'a time scale of 10,000 years is at least two orders of magnitude longer than the time frames currently considered in digital preservation discussions.' Given that the first computers capable of storing programs first appeared only about 75 years ago, and the overall history of digital technology is very short, 'ultra-long-term preservation of 10,000 years may be ideal, but there are challenges such as rapid changes in technology, compatibility issues, and media degradation, and even aiming for a preservation period of 100 years is quite ambitious,' Rosenthal points out.

Similarly, research is underway to use DNA as a long-term data storage medium, but in a 2019 experiment it took 21 hours to write and read five bytes of data, and the operation cost $10,000 (approximately 1.4 million yen), so it cannot be considered a practical archival medium. Rosenthal warns that the economics of the entire system are more important than the physical lifespan of the media, and that excessive expectations for 'semi-permanent media' will overlook the essential challenges of digital preservation.

In particular, Rosenthal points out five commonly held misconceptions about archival storage:

1: Misunderstanding the market size
New technologies developed in laboratories, including DNA storage, are expected to be able to store large amounts of data for long periods of time in the future, but in reality, the market for storage dedicated to archiving is only a small portion of the total storage market. (PDF file) According to IBM data , even LTO tape accounts for less than 1% of the total media market in terms of value and less than 5% of the total capacity, making the market for storage dedicated to archiving very small. Rosenthal argued that the discontinuation of Sony's Optical Disc Archive in 2023 due to market insufficiency also shows how small the market is.

2. Misunderstanding timescales
It is often thought that new storage technologies will appear on the market soon, but in reality, it takes a very long time for storage technologies to be developed and brought to market. For example, Seagate's next-generation hard disk technology ' HAMR ' has been in research for 26 years, and it took 2025 for it to actually be shipped to the market. Silica data technology , which stores data on glass, has been researched for 15 years, and DNA storage has been researched for 36 years, but both are expected to take more than five years to be brought to market.

3. The misconception that it will become a consumer product
While there is sometimes hope that new archiving technologies will become consumer products, the reality is that the overall cost of the archive system is much higher than the media itself, and archival storage needs to operate at a data center scale to be economical. It is economically impractical for individual consumers to adopt these technologies, and cost-effective archiving solutions will never be within the reach of consumers, Rosenthal said.

4. Misunderstanding consumer interest
Consumers don't care about what media their data is stored on, only the big cloud companies do. Users trust that their data is safe in the cloud, but they don't really see the need for backups or archiving. Even if you use a service like Amazon Web Services' Amazon S3 Glacier storage class , you don't know what media your data is stored on.

5. The misconception that natural data degradation is the only problem
While the natural degradation of data tends to be the focus, even semi-permanent media requires multiple copies to keep data safe, says Rosenthal. No media is perfect, and there is a concept called Unrecoverable Bit Error Rate (UBER). For example, a typical disk has an UBER of 10-15 , which means that up to eight errors can occur when reading one petabyte. In addition, it is important to note that even semi-permanent media such as silica and DNA are vulnerable to other threats such as fire, flood, earthquake, ransomware, and internal attacks. Therefore, multiple copies must be maintained even for long-term storage, which significantly increases costs.

Rosenthal urges us to return to the core tenet of LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) : that given limited budgets and a range of realistic threats, data is more likely to survive as many cheap, unreliable, loosely coupled replicas than as a single, expensive, durable copy.

For example, Facebook's data storage , announced in January 2014 (PDF file) , will accommodate approximately 10,000 100GB Blu-Ray discs, boasting a capacity of 1 petabyte per rack. A writable Blue-Ray disc costs around 100 yen per disc, so the media cost per rack is about 10,000 yen. Considering that data storage using 20 IBM LTO tapes costs at least $20,000 (about 2.8 million yen), and the price of two LTO tapes is about $4,000 (about 650,000 yen), Facebook's archive data system can be said to be very inexpensive. Rosenthal also appreciated that Facebook operates this system on a data center scale, while utilizing warehouse space that is more cost-effective than a regular data center, and optimizing costs such as power, cooling, and staff. This Facebook archive data system is an example of Rosenthal's argument that 'archiving is an economic problem, not a technical problem.'

He quoted Brian Wilson, chief technology officer at cloud storage company BackBlaze, as saying , 'Doubling reliability is only worth 0.1% of the increased cost.' He added, 'The lesson from Wilson's point is to design for failure and buy the cheapest parts possible.'

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A new partnership will digitize historical records from historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) to help preserve them, protect their ownership and incorporate them into genealogy search tools.

Getty Images announced in a news release this week that it will collaborate with the genealogy company Ancestry as part of its HBCU Grants Program, bringing school records to Ancestry websites. The grant program previously focused primarily on photos, making more than 10,000 photos available for viewing in the HBCU Collection on Getty Images.

“However, during our visits to partner institutions, we recognized that our scope should be broader,” Cassandra Illidge, executive director of the HBCU Grants Program, said in a public statement. “Vital records and historical documents also need attention, as they significantly contribute to the important legacy of HBCUs.”

The new partnership expands digitization work to documents such as newsletters, newspapers, student records and yearbooks. Ancestry will work with schools to handle their archival materials onsite.

The news release said Lincoln University was the first to join the partnership. The school has already contributed hundreds of photos to the HBCU photo collection, and Ancestry is starting to digitize school records and newspaper archives.

“Combining Getty Images’ expertise in producing high-quality visuals with Ancestry’s unparalleled genealogical resources, this collaboration will enrich our educational programs, foster deeper connections to our heritage, and empower our community to explore and celebrate the rich history of our university,” Brenda Allen, Lincoln University president, said in a public statement.

The news release said the alliance will help amplify the legacy of HBCUs while ensuring they retain full copyright to print and digitized assets.

Schools will also benefit from earnings from licensing fees and campuswide access to Ancestry’s platform.

“By combining the vast archives of these historic institutions with Ancestry's cutting-edge technology, we’re protecting these important documents and opening the door for families to uncover untold stories of inspiring HBCU alumni and ancestors,” Lisa Pearl, head of U.S. content and philanthropic initiatives at Ancestry, said in a public statement.